Future of oil and gas in pak Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Future of oil and gas in pak - Essay Example As of June 6, 2008, the oil market price reached as high as US$139 per barrel. (MSNBC, 2008) In line with the constantly increasing market price of crude oil, Pakistan’s oil import bill has reached the highest record of $6.338 billion during the first quarter of 2008 as compared to $4.741 billion the previous year. (Ahmed, 2008) To enable us to understand the future of oil and gas in Pakistan, the researcher will first define the importance of oil and gas in Pakistan’s economy. Eventually, the researcher will evaluate the increasing domestic and regional demands for energy including the government of Pakistan’s effort to fulfil these requirements. After discussing the strategic role of Pakistan with regards to the current global issues related to oil and gas supply, the researcher will examine and discuss investors’ benefits in terms of business opportunities related to their investments in oil and gas industry. As part of the conclusion, the researcher will discuss the theoretical factors that contribute to the increase in gas and oil prices in the world market. Sufficient supply of oil and natural gas is an important part of Pakistan’s economy since both sources of energy accounts for 80% of its commercial energy use. Among the major the sectors that consumes the most energy includes: industrial with 38.2%; transportation sector with 32.8%; residential and commercial with 25%, agriculture with 2.5%; and others with the remaining 2.2%. (Kakakhel, 2007) In the absence of sufficient supply of petroleum products, Pakistan could face a serious inefficiencies in the costs of public transportation. (Shikoh & Mansoor, 2008) Similar to the importance of petroleum products, the availability of natural gas is also considered a crucial part of Pakistan’s economic growth. A large portion of natural gas supply is mostly consumed by the energy / power as well as the fertilizer sector. Up to year 2010, Engr. Abdul

Cultural Effects on the Leadership Styles - America and India Research Paper

Cultural Effects on the Leadership Styles - America and India - Research Paper Example Examples of eminent leaders from UAS and India have been cited to explain the nature of the leadership style better. Lastly the universal leadership traits or qualities have been listed and explained in order to evaluate the global culture that works when it comes to selection of a leader. Table of Contents Overview of National Culture - USA and India 4 Effect of National Culture on Leadership Style 5 Effect of National Culture on Followership 6 Leadership Styles in USA and India 7 Universal Aspects of Leadership 8 Conclusion 9 References 10 Overview of National Culture - USA and India The study aims at throwing light on the cross-cultural effects of USA and India on their leadership styles. It is evident that culture affects the human resource practices and even followership and leadership styles of the leaders or managers in organization. The organizations sometime do have a glimpse of their national culture, which also includes the employees and the leaders. So the study would beg in with an overview of the national cultures of USA and India. Both of these countries have a very different cultural background, so a striking contrast could be seen during the comparison. Further, the effect of these cultures on the leadership style and fellowship would be evaluated and a comparison would be drawn. The various leadership styles prevalent in both these countries would be discussed and a few universal aspects in culture and leadership would also be stated to highlight the similarities too. This would be concluded by a short summary of the learning in the study. USA has a western culture, which is influenced from the native culture of America. English is the major language spoken in the country, including other languages such as Spanish, etc. Americans are mostly Christians and visit churches regularly, but they have the freedom to follow any religion of their choice. In terms of education, the Asians are the maximum who visit US for higher studies. The USA had seen the world’s greatest writers such as Mark Twain. The country celebrates the traditional American holidays. The majority of people in America fall under the middle class and the societies here are fragmented based on income, occupation, status, age, etc. The families are mainly nuclear or very small; joint families do not exist. Being one of most developed countries, it is technologically well-equipped (Luedtke, 1992, p. 145-147). India is a land of culture, religion, beliefs, traditions, arts, ceremonies, food, music, dance, etc. It is a place was diverse cultures meet and stay together in harmony. Spirituality and religious beliefs are very important in India. Hinduism is the major religion followed in the country, including many others. In India joint families play a significant role, though small and nuclear families are also there. The tradition of the country is to welcome guests with folded hands. The country celebrates various festivals based on their cultural norms, a s there are many different cultural norms even among Hindus. The country has 28-29 states, the language and culture is different in all these states.